Grand cosmic events demand electrons to reach relativistic speeds. A new study explains where they get their initial energy ...
Scientists have come a step closer to understanding how collisionless shock waves—found throughout the universe—are able to ...
Scientists have come a step closer to understanding how collisionless shock waves – found throughout the universe – are able ...
Astrophysical bow shocks and other multiscale phenomena work like cosmic particle accelerators to launch electrons to ...
An example effect is the bow shock created as the magnetosphere passes through the solar wind. Energetically charged particles affect polar ozone levels and have been linked to surface climate ...