(VRS): Verbal Rating Scales; (BP-EP): Breakthrough or intense Episodic Pain; (CI): Confidence Interval. CB participated in the design of the study, performed the statistical analysis and drafted ...

However, canine pain scales can be difficult to use without ... and the roots of this ability may be evolutionary. Dr. Erin Katribe, medical director at Best Friends Animal Society, an animal ...

J Rheumatol 34: 8–18 Researchers from the US have shown that the visual analog pain scale (VAS) is superior to the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) scale for assessing ...

The lived experience of severe pain, understandably, can lead to a process of catastrophizing, which is a cognitive distortion where patients assume the worst possible outcome in any situation where ...