Chrystia Freeland, the former deputy prime minister, sought to distance herself from Mr. Trudeau in a public letter criticizing him for “costly political gimmicks.”

When Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was elected in 2015, he promised sunny ways and "a real change." Over the last nine years, there's no doubt his government has focused on fighting climate change, advancing Indigenous reconciliation and lifting some Canadians out of poverty.

Announcing his resignation on Monday, Trudeau said he planned to stay on as prime minister until a new party leader is selected. Who will succeed him — and can they survive a looming no-confidence vote?