Jan 13, 2022 · Depending on the glass thickness, several standards define the minimum number of fragments required for safety. Standards for fragmentation testing. In Europe, for example, the EN 12150-1 standard is used to define the basic requirements for the fragmentation test. Fragment counting should occur between 3 to 5 minutes after fracturing the glass.

Dec 11, 2019 · Figure 1. Relationship between mid-plane tensile stress and the number of fragments in 50 x 50 mm2 area. The experimental results for 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm nominal glass thicknesses (dots) and comparison data from Akeyoshi et al. [3] for 1.8 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.4 mm, 4.9 mm and 8.2 mm glass thicknesses.

Dec 5, 2024 · The main challenge of quantitatively assessing the residual behaviour of shattered glass components lies in the complex interactions among fragments, which are often numerous and of contorted shapes. These characteristics necessarily call for the use of computational approaches to solve the continuum’s state throughout the fragmented domain ...

Jan 9, 2023 · Currently, PVB (with limited % of glass fragments) is used in flooring and asphalt, but the total cost (product and recuperation) is still more expensive than the original raw material. The use of glass/PVB in asphalt road surfaces. Other uses for recycled glass include (Wikipedia): Fiberglass insulation products; Ceramic sanitary ware production

Nov 11, 2022 · When the distance from the explosion source is reduced to 0.52 m, both of the front and back layers of the insulated glass are broken and the glass fragments fly outward along the direction of shock wave propagation, as shown in Figure 4. Table 1. Test conditions and the broken state of glass. - Full size table. Figure 3.

Sep 28, 2022 · The right edge of MTCT specimens were subjected to a tensile load speed of 0.2 m/s. As the stretch of interlayer and the delamination were the major concern in a tensile test, the compressive contact detection between glass fragments was disabled to reduce the computation cost. The displacement limit was set as 50 mm.

Jul 24, 2020 · The laminated glass response in the postcritical phase is highly dependent on the bridging between adjacent glass fragments ensured by the polymer, and results from a combination of the elongation of the interlayer and the delamination from the glass shards near the cracks. Henceforth, factors that influence the post-breakage response are

Nov 25, 2022 · When laminated glass is impacted by a projectile and the glass layers fracture, the polymer will retain large glass fragments and prevent them from being ejected from the window. In general, the fracture strength of glass varies considerably and is dependent on factors such as the boundary condition, loading type and rate, and geometry of the ...

Oct 25, 2023 · Laminated Glass Windows. Laminated glass is widely used for blast resistant glazing to mitigate the hazards from ejecting glass fragments. As known, the conventional LG window is made of two or more layers of glass panes, bonded together with one or multiple plies of interlayers (Haldimann et al., 2008).

Nov 22, 2012 · Table 1. Correlation between compressive stress and fragments as a function of glass thickness. Figure 2 shows the breakage patterns captured after the fragmentation test. As explained, all samples with thickness up to 2.8 mm satisfied the breakage patterns required for safety glass, and the average number of fragments was above 40 pcs.