Acceptance regardless of the costs: China’s stance on the …
Dec 3, 2024 · The increasingly intensive cooperation between Russia and North Korea since September 2023 poses a significant threat to the US-led security system in East Asia. By fostering this partnership, Moscow is creating a new axis of international tension intended to increase the costs for the West of supporting Kyiv following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Pyongyang, for its part, is driven ...
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Russia’s budget for 2025: war above all | OSW Centre for Eastern …
Nov 22, 2024 · In 2025, war-related spending will increase significantly. The largest rise in expenditure is planned in the “national defence” section, reaching 13.2 trillion roubles (approximately $132 billion), compared to 10.8 trillion roubles allocated for this purpose in the 2024 budget (a 22.2% increase).This sum is also more than 55% higher than the planned spending on this category in 2023.
Defence and determination | OSW Centre for Eastern Studies
Oct 29, 2024 · The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has continued for over 30 months, without a clear outcome in sight. Following the unsuccessful Ukrainian offensive in the autumn of 2023, the Russians have taken the initiative on the frontlines; however, no strategic breakthrough has been achieved. In addition to the gruelling positional warfare on land, the Russians have launched devastating air ...
From boom to bubble | OSW Centre for Eastern Studies
Nov 13, 2024 · The real estate boom has been the cornerstone of the ‘economic miracle’ that in recent decades has elevated China to the world’s second-largest economy and turned its metropolises into symbols of China’s development, global power and aspirations. Today, China boasts 5,000 years of history, yet few buildings in the country are more than 50 years old.
Turkey’s reaction to the fall of al-Assad: opportunities and …
Dec 10, 2024 · On 8 December, following the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime in Syria, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan expressed full support for Syrian rebel groups and called for their unification, urging the international community to support their efforts to take power. He outlined Ankara’s priorities: maintaining Syria’s territorial integrity, achieving a …
The fall of Assad’s regime in Syria: implications for Russia
Dec 9, 2024 · The overthrow of Bashar Assad has significantly diminished Russia’s influence in the Middle East and dealt a blow to its image. Alongside Iran, Russia was the principal sponsor of the Alawite regime in Syria, which depended heavily on Russian military, financial, and political support. In return, Assad allowed Russia to maintain military bases on …
OS W REPOR T 10/2024 5 MAIN POINTS • Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 is not an escalation of a local conflict over limited territory. It is an armed aggression aimed at subjugating or destroying an important European state, and simultane-
Turkey and the European Union: in a maze of disputes
Apr 3, 2024 · Turkey has been a political challenge for the EU for more than a decade now. This stems from the widening gap between them caused by factors such as the evolution of the Turkish political model and its approach to international conflicts. As a consequence, the process of Ankara’s integration with the EU has remained frozen for years; successive reports from the European Commission evaluating ...
An ambiguous alliance: Putin visits Kazakhstan
Dec 4, 2024 · On 27–28 November, Vladimir Putin paid a state visit to Kazakhstan. He was accompanied by several officials, including deputy prime ministers, ministers of foreign affairs and energy, as well as the CEOs of Gazprom and Rosatom. In a joint statement, Putin and Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev emphasised the durability of their countries’ allied relations, the absence of contentious ...